The US Geological Survey said the quake hit at a depth of 28km (17.4 miles) near Mazar-e Sharif, which has a population of about 523,000.
“A total of 150 people injured and seven martyred have been reported and transferred to health centers as of this morning,” said Samim Joyanda, the spokesperson for the health department in Samangan, a mountainous northern province near Mazar-e Sharif said, Reuters reported.
The toll was based on hospital reports collected as of Monday morning, he said.
The Afghan Taliban defense ministry said parts of Balkh and Samangan provinces were the most affected, resulting in fatalities among a number of citizens.
Military Rescue and emergency assistance teams reached the area immediately and began operations to rescue people, transport the injured, and assist affected families, it said in a statement.
Health ministry spokesperson Sharfat Zaman said rescue teams were active and the numbers of dead and injured might rise.
“Health teams have arrived in the area, and all nearby hospitals have been put on standby,” Zaman said in a statement.
The USGS issued an orange alert in its PAGER system, which is an automated system that produces information on the impact of earthquakes, and indicated that “significant casualties are likely and the disaster is potentially widespread.”
Afghanistan is particularly vulnerable to quakes as it lies on two active faults that have the potential to rupture and cause extensive damage.
More than 2,200 people were killed and thousands more injured after a quake and strong aftershocks in the southeast of the war-shattered country at the end of August.
Past events with this alert level have required a regional or national level response, the system’s alert added.
The earthquake destroyed part of the holy shrine of Mazar-i-Sharif, Balkh province spokesperson Hajji Zaid said, referring to the Blue Mosque.
Videos of rescue efforts being carried out to save people trapped under rubble and images of fallen debris in buildings were shared on the social media platform X. One video showed rescuers pulling what appeared to be dead bodies from rubble.